A letter by Jean-Daniel Clerc, founder of Galerie 1 2 3
Dear Poster Lovers, Dear Customers,
In April 1977, I discovered 21 vintage posters under a wooden floor. They had been put under this parquet floor in the 1920s, as a simple insulating material.
These posters showed a "Renault grand sport" in full speed. The beauty of the image, the quality of the colours and of the lithographic printing amazed me.
I still treasure a copy in my private collection, which I am pleased to present to you today.
This event was the beginning of a passion that changed my professional path. After a master degree in French literature, I started collecting antique posters, selling them at the Geneva flea market. I then met a few "pioneering" collectors, as well as the first poster dealers in Paris and in New York. I opened Galerie 1 2 3 and participated in numerous exhibitions in Switzerland, USA, Singapore and London.
After 44 years of passion and challenges, I am very proud of playing a part in the conservation of this historical and artistic heritage that so magnificently illustrates the last 150 years.
Thank you for your loyalty.
Take good care of yourself.
Hope to see you soon.
Jean-Daniel Clerc
Throughout their history, posters have been a significant means of mass communication, often with striking visual effect. Collectively, Vintage Posters offer a wealth of art, history, design, and popular culture for us to understand. These images are a familiar part of our world, and we intuitively understand its role in promotion, announcement, advertisement or propaganda.
The posters from our collection represent printing technologies that include original lithography, photolithography, heliography, offset and screen-printing.
Galerie 1 2 3's collection is significant both for its aesthetic value and because it is a unique representation of cultural and commercial history.
Posters from the Galerie 1 2 3 Collection are «Guaranteed authentic»
We sell originals. Only.
Galerie 1 2 3 has been selling original posters for 35 years. From the beginning, the gallery has held many exhibitions and poster collections, for either collectors and museums. This has given us a deep knowledge of paper printing techniques and authenticity of posters. As an expert, Jean-Daniel Clerc works with private collectors and museums. As founding member of the International Vintage Poster Dealers Association IVPDA, Galerie 1 2 3 pledges to conduct its business affairs with integrity and to the highest quality standards.
An authenticity certificate is attached together with the vintage poster.
We use the international condition code graded: A / B / C / D, with + / - for slightly better / worse condition.
A+ Almost in perfect condition: bright colors, fresh paper, some tiny tears in the edges accepted.
A In excellent condition or very good condition: Fresh colors, no paper loss, one minor defect is accepted.
A- May have some minor defects visible such a small tear, pin holes, slight foxing, dirt or bubbles but still in very good condition. A poster with fold marks will be described as A- . May be slightly restored.
B Fairly good condition with some damage such as obvious fold marks, stains, small restored missing pieces, light-stained or faded colors etc. Otherwise generally in good condition with a good general appearance. Generally restored.
C Large missing pieces, or other damage, even in the central subject. Restored.
D Bad condition: large missing piece in the central subject.
We do not sell D condition posters.
In our poster condition report, we use the following terms:
Lithography (on limestone)
Lithography was used for printing posters right up until the 1950’s and was held in esteem above other printing techniques partly due to the prestigious effect of limestone.
In general the lithographers names remain unknown to us. They were not only quality craftsmen with detailed know-how but might also be called artists in their own right. Printing a poster using this technique could take weeks. They printed each edition on huge presses using the following process: the motif was first drawn onto the porous lithographic stone using lithographic crayons. The artist then applied the coloured ink (natural pigments derived from metallic oxides and rare earth elements, with an oil base), onto the stone’s surface.
The stone is then dampened before the sheet of paper is pressed onto it. The ink, which is oil based and thus water repellent (hydrophobic), is transferred from the non-porous part of the stone onto the paper. This makes the lithographic process different from etching (aquatinting, lino printing and woodblock printing) in which the support is cut into enabling much longer and more detailed print runs than the older physical methods of printing.
After drying, the process is successively repeated for each color until the realization of the final print. We often find positional markings on the poster margins. They are superimposed crosses which help the lithographer to position the stone to within a 10th of a millimeter of accuracy.
Thanks to precision and to the strongly pigmented color of their inks, lithographic posters reveal subtle tones of mixed color and are highly prized for their quality of finish and their artistic expressiveness. It is for this reason a great number of Swiss printers continued to use this technique until the 1960’s.
Offset printing
Early on, printers began to replace the lithographic process by using flexible metal plates on rollers. The first rotational press appeared in 1843.
However, at the beginning of the 20th century an American printer, Ira Rubel discovered that, on forgetting to load a sheet of paper, the ink was transferred directly to the flexible intermediary support in this case a ribber roller, and a good quality print was the result. The following years saw this transfer procedure based on the lithographic method develop and became to be known as “Offset”.
More rapid and efficient, offset technique replaced lithography in many countries during the period between the wars.
The development of the offset technique on the fringe of the 2nd World War went hand in hand with the generalized adoption of the four color process (CMYK) printing. This method consisted of obtaining possible colors from only four inks (cyan blue, magenta, yellow and black) applied in small points and dotted grids. This was accompanied by the development of an acetate film which could be “flashed” according to a photographic procedure comparable to heliography.
From the post war years until the present, this has been the preferred printing technique on advertising boards. The distinctive impression left by the offset printer with its agglomeration of dots is easily recognizable.
Heliography
The heliography process was a precursor of the photographic print invented by Nicéphore Niépce around 1822. Parts of a reactive surface exposed to light harden and become resistant to washing, creating a thicket layer which is transferable to paper.
Most photographic posters and photomontage made before 1940, were printed using a modern heliographic printer with a metal plate, usually copper, covered in a reactive layer. The parts exposed to light become sensitive to an acid which eats into the metal. The plate can then be retouched using a burin (intaglio).
This technique gave particular charm to posters such as those by Herbert Matter as Walter Herdeg. They are still very much appreciated.
As with lithography, the heliographic process or “Rotogravure” developed and huge rollers were used, printing with very liquid inks, which made printing in higher quality and larger quantity much easier. It is still used in today’s newspapers and magasines.
Screen printing
Each color is transferred through a silk cloth or synthetic cloth, stretched by hand over a frame which is the screen. This is a very old Chinese technique which became popular in the Occident during the 2nd World War. It was used by the May 68 students in France and became the trademark of Pop artists such as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein. It is still used to print small editions, sometimes with some surprisingly good results.
Although this method is quite mechanical, it gives surprisingly good artistic results, favoriting a tint area that enhances bright and even fluorescent coloring. At the border of this tint area, zig-zags left by the weave of the screen can be seen by using a magnifying glass. Sometimes the Four-Color process is also used in silk screen, which can be mistaken for offset in appearance.
Original Modern posters are some of the magnificent works that are achieved by using this technique.
Other techniques (mixed techniques)
Using our expertise, we will do our best to determine the printing technique used. However, the exact method is never always possible to determine with absolute certainty. A poster can be as much the result of a mixed technique as of a hybrid process, created by artisanal printers. In that case, we will describe the poster’s printing technique as other technique or mixed technique.
Galerie 1 2 3 houses the finest collection of original posters for you. The collection includes the widest variety of vintage posters. They show most twentieth century activities such as industry, consumer goods, transportation or arts and entertainment and also many other subjects including sport and leisure activities.
We have major advertisement themes like travel, tourism, skiing or winter sport posters. Also product advertisements like drinks and food, or transportation posters like motor ships lines, aviation companies, the car industry, cycles and motorcycles and much more… The Swiss school including the photo-montage and Hyper-realism movements also represents a large part of the collection.
Original vintage posters are now prized for their high cultural inheritance and for their own artistic value. Original enamel signs, tins, cardboard signs, lithographed boxes, airline model planes are also welcome in our gallery.